Strategies For Addressing Limited Health Literacy

Assessments such as the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, and the Newest Vital Sign, which are routinely used in research settings, measure only patient reading and/or numeracy skills and do not address the broad constellation of skills that the health literacy concept encompasses (40-43) . Furthermore, these tests differ from one another in terms of their focus and the skills they measure; research has shown that they often perform differently even when used in the same study sample (42, 44). Finally, these assessments require in-person administration, and while relatively short, may be difficult to administer privately in a busy clinic setting. Strategies for Addressing Limited Health Literacy Increasing health literacy skills on a population level is likely to require substantive improvements to the US educational system, health care system, and society at large. However, there are a number of concrete steps that providers can take to help address the problem of limited health literacy in clinical practice. These include adopting clinical communication strategies, improving print materials, and optimizing modalities for patient education. Clinical Communication Strategies In 1998, the American Medical Association’s House of Delegates adopted a policy recognizing limited literacy as a barrier to diagnosis and treatment(45). Missed or inaccurate diagnoses can arise when physicians communicate poorly with theShow MoreRelatedMedical Information And Health Care1516 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious difficulties such as access to health care network, understanding of treatments, recommendations, and instructions. It this paper, the writer describes the formulation of the policy that helps to improve patient health literacy, communication, and information that related to health issues. Also, describes the evidence that needs to formulate a policy, alternatives, and selection criteria of policy, and its outcome. Problem context: patients who have limited knowledge of medical information mayRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Adult Condition917 Words   |  4 Pagesrates. World Health Organization, defines obesity as â€Å"excessive fat accumulation that may impair health† and is related to conditions such as type two diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychological impairments (Rabbitt Coyne, 2012, p. 731). For the nurse to be successful in any family nursing position, she or he will need to understand the concepts of family nursing which are based on three foundational components including how the family is defined, the components of family health, and the elementsRead MoreEssay on Leadership Vision1194 Words   |  5 Pagesdedication to improving health awareness and literacy among patients†. While simple and direct, I feel that this statement best summarizes my leadership vision for the future of nursing and institutional healthcare. Vision Concepts Throughout this section, I will be citing various sources that support my leadership vision. The key concepts of my vision are: a) Enhanced quality of care, compassionate â€Å"patient-first† service, b) dedication to healthcare literacy, and c) effectively changingRead MoreThe High Rates Of Childhood Asthma1198 Words   |  5 PagesAs a county public health official you have a goal to Improve the county’s profile on RWJF’s County Health Rankings. To achieve this you are trying to outline a plan to address the high rates of childhood asthma in the community. Here is a case that illustrates the problems faced. Raeshawn is an 11-year-old African-American boy who experiences difficulty breathing during gym class at school. He’s had prior hospitalizations due to his asthma. He lives in a housing development with ongoing problemsRead MoreFood Security Is A Basic Right Of Man And An Essential Condition For A Populace1606 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant health issue of the public. For instance in Canada, it is a social health determinant. Nonetheless, food security has not been realized by all society members. Food insecurity is experienced when frequent access to food that is nutritionally sufficient and safe is limited or indeterminate. In Canada, for instance about 8.1% of households experienced moderate to severe insecurity of food in the year 2011 (1). One of the main reasons for food insecurity is declining health of the oceanRead MorePh Business Skill Management Tool Beam Scenario Ideas1462 Words   |  6 PagesScenario Ideas Summary Level of Development Problem Solving Strategic Thinking Root Cause Analysis Plan, Do, Study, Act Critical factors for success Identifying and Mitigating risks Health and Well-Being for All, Focus: Asthma As a county public health official you have a goal to Improve the county’s profile on RWJF’s County Health Rankings. In order to achieve this you are trying to outline a plan to address the high rates of childhood asthma in the community. Here is a case that illustrates the problemsRead MoreUnderstanding The Blood Pressure Readings, Glucose And A1c Levels1308 Words   |  6 Pagesthe conversation by addressing Mr. Anderson’s concerns up front to build rapport and trust. I personally would call Mr. Anderson when I had enough time to not have rushed conversation. In my practice as a certified diabetes educator I blocked time out for these type of phone calls or called the patient during my lunch time or the end of the day. How would you explain the benefits of the baby aspirin and blood pressure medication to Mr. Anderson? I would begin with addressing up from with Mr. AndersonRead MoreHealth Knowledge And Positive Dietary Change Essay1974 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: For limited income and limited education individuals, low-nutrition health literacy affects the understanding of and adoption of nutrition recommendations. That causes implications on health outcomes of families. For practitioners, understanding the relationship between health knowledge and positive dietary change will enable health educators to be involved in the development and delivery of evidence-based strategies that meet the needs of low-health-literacy. A review of recent researchRead MoreChronic Condition Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus1724 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the World Health Organisation (2017), Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, representing 60% of all deaths, along with heart disease, stroke, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. T1DM can be frustrating for a child and stressful for the family. With culturally appropriate support and education, diabetes can be well managed and improve quality of life. In this report, a brief description of T1DM is explained, diabetes health strategies are mentioned in howRead MoreHow Public Health System Helps Improve The Quality Of Life And Health Of People847 Words   |  4 PagesPublic health has developed to address several issues, including chronic diseases, infectious diseases, birth defects, injury prevention, violence, and bioterrorism. The knowledge gained through the social sciences, Biostatistics, epidemiology, laboratory science, pharmacology, proteomics, genomics and biochemistry has facilitated the advancement and growth of public health. In addition, the involved practitioners vary. In addition to the nurses, doctors, nutritionists, and engineers, the system

Construction Business Memo Free Essays

The contract value for this project will be for a guaranteed maximum price of $). All work will be completed as required in the modified General Conditions and the Standard Form of Agreement for a Guaranteed Construction has great interest in this project because it is a design of steel base construction we are familiar with. The design is ambitious and will be a great addition to the campus. We will write a custom essay sample on Construction Business Memo or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are familiar with this type of space frame, base isolation design as it was recently implemented in the Lab project for which we were the General ContractorConstruction Manager. This project was successful through the involvement of the construction management team in the preconstruction process. A constant exchange of ideas determined the best fabrication and erection practices and team members were able to agree upon major cost and constructability issues. We propose for this project with the stipulation that we are highly involved in preconstruction process. On a site with such grade slope, shoring, erection and accessibility are complex issues that require strategic planning. Our project and field teams understand base isolator design constructability and will be able to fficiently and safely implement the product per the desired outcomes of To prepare to build a facility being constructed on a narrow steep slope between a road and adjacent buildings we will need to grub and clear the hillside, construct a retaining wall and begin excavation for the concrete pier foundations. This ensures the safety of the general public using the road and will provide the stability needed in a steep hillside. Construction will anticipate and schedule crane picks of steel and material to mitigate partial road closures. Supports will be temp welded to the oundations while the steel is being erected to counter uplift. This is a hazard characteristic of a raised deck structure that many overlook. BIM (Building Information Modeling) will be a valuable tool throughout this project. The facility’s design complexity will require a great deal of precise prefabrication. Each structural member of the base frame must be aligned perfectly and this task alone requires innovation. Our pre construction team worked very closely with the design team on our Lab project and the dividends were countless. We encountered one single misalignment in the space frame base which happened to be a flaw n fabrication. The use of BIM proved to not only save costs in time and material but was a means of checks and balances in terms of insuring engineering integrity of the structure itself. Our team is well suited for and recently experienced this preconstruction collaboration. The project will be a testament to the dedication has to pushing design and innovation to its limit. Construction offers the calculated construction techniques needed to safely and smoothly execute these leading edge designs. Please contact myself or our offices with any questions. We patiently await your response. How to cite Construction Business Memo, Essay examples

Project Management Methodologies and Project Life Cycle

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Methodologies and Project Life Cycle. Answer: Methodology and its Role in Project Management Methodology is set of guidelines and standards that are followed during any Information Technology (IT) and other projects (Marchewka, 2014). Methodology of a project includes specific definitions, rules, designs and research methods that must be followed by the individuals involved in the project. Methodology mainly emphasizes on two distinct parts: Design The design produced in the project must be easy to understand, efficient, effective and meeting the requirements of the project. Content The content must be disciplined and contain critical review of the project supervisors. Methodology is a very important part of project management. Firstly, a specific methodology guides the project members to proceed in the correct direction (Kerzner, 2013). Moreover, in project management, using suitable methodology increases the success probability of the project as well as determination of the suitable deliverables of the project. Some of the benefits of methodology in project management are as follows (Kloppenborg, 2014): Effective Decision Making Methodology helps in effective decision making in a project management task. Methodology also guides the project members in the right direction such that they take the right decisions during the course of the project. Save Money and Time Selecting the right methodology helps in saving a large amount of money and time (Schwalbe, 2015). If wrong methodology is followed, huge amount of time is consumed and additional expenses are encountered. Control of Project Scope Methodology also helps in defining the project scopes that are to be explored during the course of the project. Solutions to Problems Many problems are encountered during a project management task (Burke, 2013). Use of suitable methodology can help in solving the problems as solutions are already provided in the methodology. Comparison between two selected Methodologies Two methodologies chosen from the list are Agile and Waterfall. The method in which continuous iteration processes are executed in the development and testing phases of a project is called Agile Methodology. On the other hand, Waterfall Methodology is a non-iterative design of a software development where the processes are executed one below the other until the end goal is achieved (Palmquist et al., 2013). The similarities between Agile and Waterfall Methodology are as follows: Both of the methodologies are used to create an execution plan before the start of the actual project. Early lock down is achieved in both the methodologies. Sequential execution is observed in both the methodologies. In both the methodologies, execution can only be done after the previous step is successfully completed, i.e. all the steps must be executed successfully. Both of the methodologies can be used for documentation of each of the project steps. Both the methodologies can be used for meeting the requirements of the project. The differences between the two methodologies are as follows: Agile Methodology Waterfall Methodology It is based on iterative execution of steps It is based on sequential execution of steps This methodology is broken down into separate models and then approached This methodology does not support breaking down Agile methodology does not have a definite work structure, iterations are continued according to the errors and issues encountered Waterfall methodology has a specific breakdown structure that must be followed in a sequential manner As it is an iterative process, errors encountered are solved immediately in order to progress to the next part After the whole project is complete, testing is conducted and only then, errors are encountered and solved User Acceptance is used in all parts of the project User Acceptance is only used at the conclusion of the project Relation between Chosen Methodologies and Project Life Cycle Agile Methodology and Project Life Cycle (PLC) In agile methodology, iterative testing processes are conducted. After an error is encountered, changes are made and the testing process is repeated (Palmquist et al., 2013). Based on the test results, changes are made in the different sections of the PLC, thus providing it the right direction so that the project is completed successfully. Waterfall Methodology and Project Life Cycle (PLC) Waterfall model is an inseparable part of Project Life Cycle. During the development phase of the project life cycle, the project is broken down to several parts within the project life cycle that are then executed in a sequential manner. However, no part of the PLC can be left incomplete before completion of the project (Palmquist et al., 2013). Once a part in the sequential order is done completely, then the next part can be executed. References Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kloppenborg, T. (2014).Contemporary project management. Nelson Education. Marchewka, J. T. (2014).Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Palmquist, M. S., Lapham, M. A., Miller, S., Chick, T., Ozkaya, I. (2013).Parallel worlds: Agile and waterfall differences and similarities(No. CMU/SEI-2013-TN-021). Carnegie-Mellon Univ Pittsburgh Pa Software Engineering Inst. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.

Repetition in Samuel Becketts Plays an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Repetition in Samuel Becketts Plays Samuel Barclay Beckett (12 April 1906 to 22 December1989) was an Irish dramatist, novelist and poet. Beckett's work is stark, fundamentally minimalist, and, according to some interpretations, deeply pessimistic about the human condition. The perceived pessimism is mitigated both by a great and often wicked sense of humour, and by the sense, for some readers, that Beckett's portrayal of life's obstacles serves to demonstrate that the journey, while difficult, is ultimately worth the effort. Similarly, many posit that Beckett's expressed "pessimism" is not so much for the human condition but for that of an established cultural and societal structure which imposes its stultifying will upon otherwise hopeful individuals; it is the inherent optimism of the human condition, therefore, that is at tension with the oppressive world. His later work explores his themes in an increasingly cryptic and attenuated style. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1969 "for his writing, whichin new forms for the novel and dramain the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation". Need essay sample on "Repetition in Samuel Becketts Plays" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Beckett's attempt to capture the process of creation of a text requires the dramatic structure of endless repetitions. The endless repetition in Beckett's plays can be seen as a quest for the true text where a character gropes for his true "self." Repetition is not only a technique in Beckett; it is also a theme, which means that repetition is spoken of repeatedly. Thus was read in his 1961 novel Comment cest (How It Is), He sings yes always the same song pause SAME SONG, words that echo what the narrator of the story LExpulse (1945, The Expelled) had said of any table he could possibly tell: You will see how alike. Now in this essay, we will critically analyse implementation of Becketts repetition philosophy that mainly appeared in his following short plays. Play Play was written between 1962 and 1963 and first produced in German as Spiel on June 14, 1963 at the Ulmer Theatre in Ulm-Donau, Germany. The first performance in English was in 1964 at the Old Vic in London. The curtain rises on two women and a man (referred to only as W1, W2 and M), in a row along the front of the stage with their heads sticking out of the tops of large urns, the rest of their bodies unexposed. They remain like this for the play's duration. At the commencement and the conclusion of the play, all three characters speak, in what Beckett terms a "chorus", but in the main the play is made up of short, sometimes broken sentences spoken by one character at a time. Over the course of the play, it becomes apparent that the man has betrayed Woman #1, or W1, by having an affair with Woman #2. The three characters speak of the affair from their respective points of view on the matter, in an almost contrapuntal manner. Near the end of the script, there is the terse instruction: "Repeat play." Beckett elaborates on this in notes, by saying that the repetition might be varied, by changing the intensity of the light, giving a breathless quality to the lines, or even shuffling some of the lines around. At the end of this second repetition, the play appears to start again for a third time, but does not get more than a few seconds into it before it suddenly stops. One interpretation of the play is that the three characters are actually in purgatory, where they are confessing their sins - indeed, one of the characters exclaims "I confess" at one point when recalling their illicit relationship. The use of urns to encase the bodies of the three players is thought to symbolise their entrapment inside the demons of their past; the way in which all three urns are described at the start of the play as "touching" each other is often deciphered as symbolising the shared problem which all three characters have endured. The spotlight, which illuminates only the face of those characters who it wishes to speak, is believed to represent God, or a Higher Power of some sort, who is weighing up each character's case to be relieved from the binds of the urn, and having to relive this relationship which has ruined all their lives. What Where What Where is Samuel Beckett's last play. It was written in 1983 in English, and revised over a three year period for separate stage and television productions in French and German. Four characters (Bam, Bom, Bim, and Bem) appear at intervals, all dressed in the same grey gown with the same long grey hair. Bam controls and interrogates the others, sending them off to be tortured (given "the works") in order to confess to an unnamed crime that he, in turn, places on all of them. A seasonal cycle from spring to winter passes in the course of the play, with Bam repeating the same questions and actions: eventually Bom, Bim, and Bem have interrogated each other at least once, and the cycle begins again. Bam has an additional manifestation in the Voice of Bam (V), an omnipresent force that directs the proceedings from a "small megaphone at head level." The voice acts something like a "voice of God", and determines things to be positive or negative at a whim. Somewhat elusive in theme altho ugh with a definite totalitarian edge, Beckett himself struggled over its meaning: "I don't know what it means. Don't ask me what it means. It's an object". Happy Days Winnie, the main character, is buried up to her waist in a tall mound of sand. She has a bag full of interesting artifacts, including a comb, a toothbrush, toothpaste, lipstick, a nail file, a parasol and a music box. She also has in her bag a revolver, which she strokes and pats lovingly. The harsh ringing of a bell demarcates waking and sleeping hours. The play begins with the ringing of this bell and Winnie's declaration, "Another heavenly day." Winnie is content with her existence: "Ah well, what matter, that's what I always say, it will have been a happy day after all, another happy day." Her husband Willie lives in a cave behind her, sunk into the back of mound. Unlike his wife he can still move, albeit by crawling on all fours. During the course of the first act he comes out of his hole to read the newspaper and to masturbate, sitting behind the mound with his back to the audience. Despite Winnie's constant chatter and requests that he speak, he says little to nothing quotes from a newspaper, affirmations that he can hear her, the word "formication", and the explanation that hogs are "castrated male swine, raised for slaughter." Winnie's increasingly restricted movement can be interpreted as many things, but is most likely a metaphor for the aging process itself. Throughout the play she distracts herself from her true condition by both consistent denial and through the toys in her bag and conversation with both an imagined listener and Willie (although the amount that the fourth wall is actually broken can be reasonably controlled by the director). While presented with the option of suicide early in the play, it is not one that she seriously considers, or refuses to overtly reference. In Act 1, she notes that she has the gun because Willie begged that she take it from him out of fear that he would use it, and the play concludes by exploring his mentality further. As he attempts and fails to mount her mound (an overt sexual reference, and one of several throughout the show that hint at Willie's impotence), it is unclear whether he is attempting to reach her for a kiss or the gun in order to make an end. Becau se he cannot climb the slope, we are left with the tableau of two characters who are meant for each other trapped in hellish circumstances and unable to escape. Footfalls Footfalls was written, in English, between March and December 1975 and was first performed at the Royal Court Theatre as part of the Samuel Beckett Festival, on May 20, 1976. Footfalls is about the relationship between a mother and daughter, played by Martha Hill and Barb Lanciers, respectively. That Time is a solo performance featuring Mike Mathieu as a character known only as "Listener." In Becketts Footfalls, we watch an old woman, dressed in a tattered wrap, pacing up and down a track, while a voice off tells us of a young girl who paced with a similar intentness and desperation, and eventually asked her mother to take up the carpet, explaining: the motion alone is not enough. I must hear the feet, however faint they fall. Hearing the feet establishes the young girls sense of being there, in the sensation of the faint impact on the ground and its answering resistance. In Naumans work, the ground is similarly a place of last resort, the lowest common denominator, both a continuous threat, and also a place of trust, a generalised securing or orientation of the sense of place. A human body moves between many different experiences of different floors and plots of ground, but is nevertheless orientated always just to one ground, just to the ground, spreading, various, but everywhere singular. As the hypostasis, that which lies beneath, or understands all being and beings living on earth, even and especially creatures of the air like birds, and of the midair, like spiders, the ground has its say in every action and experience. The ground is limit itself; the hereness, or present condition that underwrites every elsewhere, the actual of every possible. It is time thickened and slowed into space, a stay against the passage of time. It is that towards which all movement tends. The dimension of downness, or underness can never be fully in mind, or in view, but is always at work. That Time That Time was written, in English, in 1975 and was first performed at the Royal Court Theatre, as part of the Samuel Beckett Festival, on May 20, 1976. In this play only thing seen on stage is a face and the only things heard are three voices. The voices, A, B, and C, alternate throughout the play with only two pauses, which consist of the termination of one of the voices' monologues, the listener's eyes opening, one of the voices starting to speak again, and the eyes closing. The distinctions between voices are not always clear because some of the text is the same and some images are common among them, such as a stone or slab which the speaker sits upon or remembers sitting upon. The voices seem to represent the same person at different points in his life: voice A in middle age trying to remember his childhood, voice B in childhood, and voice C presumably in old age (Acheson and Arthur 121-126). The play is entirely lacking in punctuation, and because of this and the switches from v oice to voice, the meanings of the narratives given by each voice are ambiguous. The text of play is difficult to read and understand due to the style in which it was written and the organisation, and similarly, the end does not seem to really conclude the play: the eyes open after the voices stop, and 5 seconds later, the face smiles. After rereading the text, themes and images are easier to pick up, and different meanings can be found. Conclusion Beckett's hero is a sisyphusean type of man waiting for the fulfilment of his fate, which seems to be eternal through his suffering and hoping. He is alienated from the world, which is unknown, remote, and indifferent, and from which he is isolated by the walls of his self. The conflict between two different substances - the world and the human subject, leads to the feelings of Absurdity and to fundamental existential questions about the meaning of human life in a world where he lives as a stranger. We find the whole greatness of Beckett's absurd man in his intractability with which he continually fills up his precarious fate, and although his suffering increases as time stops he does not live without hope and joy in life. References: Cronin, Anthony. Samuel Beckett: The Last Modernist. New York: Da Capo Press, 1997. Bair, Deirdre. Samuel Beckett: A Biography. Vintage/Ebury, 1978. ISBN 0-09-80070-5. Understanding Samuel Beckett By Alan Astro, Published 1990 Univ of South Carolina, Press, ISBN 0872496864 Burnt Piano, by Justin Fleming, Xlibris, 2004 (Coup d'Etat & Other Plays) Knowlson, James. Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett. New York: Grove Press, 1996. Mercier, Vivian. Beckett/Beckett. Oxford University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-19-281269-6

A Man for All Seasons Story Essay Example

A Man for All Seasons Story Essay Example A Man for All Seasons Story Essay A Man for All Seasons Story Essay Many times in literature characters follow a common flow with society. In the story A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt, the Common Man is a conformist who highlights many important roles of society in England during the fifteenth century. The Common man appears throughout the play as: Sir Thomas More’s steward named Matthew, a boatman, a publican, a jailer, a jury foreman, and a headsman who decapitates Sir Thomas More. The significance of the Common Man lies in his role in representing society as an individual and as a foil to Sir Thomas More. The Common Man is first introduced in the play as Sir Thomas More’s steward, Matthew. Matthew is very effective in expressing the role of the common man because he takes part in much slander in order to benefit himself such as in Act One Matthew takes money from Chapuys and Cromwell and gives them information about Sir Thomas More in return. In the opening of the play Matthew is displeased with Sir Thomas More’s generosity when he gives the silver cup to Richard Rich. Matthew replies to this act by saying â€Å"My master Thomas More would give anything to anyone. Some say that’s good and some say that’s bad, but I say he can’t help it and that’s bad because some day someone is going to ask him for something that he wants to keep; and he will be out of practice. There must be something that he wants to keep. That’s only common sense. † This quote is very significant because it foreshadows Sir Thomas More’s death. Sir Thomas More could have prevented his death if he would have given up his sense of self and went against his conscious and beliefs. Another significant act by Matthew is in Act Two, Sir Thomas can no longer afford Matthew and so More dismisses Matthew from his home. Matthew seeks employment from Richard Rich; this shows the common man’s only concern for himself and his aloofness to any loyalty to Sir Thomas More. In Act One the Common Man takes on the role of the Boatman. The Boatman most closely represents society of our time because he complains about his low income and his aging wife. When More asks the boatman for a ride home the boatman replies â€Å"Bless you sir – that’s all right. I expect you’ll make it worth my while, sir. † This quote indicates that the boatman is looking for money, as most characters played by the Common Man behave. In Act Two the Common Man plays the role of a jailer. The Jailer also is guilty of complaining about his low wages. More continues to go against the flow of society even more as the story progresses. As king Henry said in Act One to Sir Thomas â€Å"There are those like Norfolk who follow me because I wear the crown, and there are those like Master Cromwell who follow me because they are jackals with sharp teeth and I am their lion, and there is a mass that follows anything that moves – and there is you. † This quote implies the decisive difference between Sir Thomas More and the Common Man. It establishes his role as the counter part of the Common Man which is the role of the man for all seasons. The last character played by the Common Man is the Headsman. It is ironic that the Common Man plays the role of decapitating Sir Thomas More. It is important to realize that this is not a symbol of society defeating Sir Thomas More, rather it shows that Sir Thomas More is loyal enough to his self that he was able to face death even at the hands of the Common Man. As one can see, the role of the Common Man throughout the play A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt emphasizes the moral of the play. The significance of Sir Thomas More would not be expressed so greatly without the roll of the Common Man.

The Thing Only You Can Bring to Your Writing

The Thing Only You Can Bring to Your Writing Today’s guest post is by James Scott Bell. Bell is a bestselling thriller author and writing teacher. His seminal book, Plot Structure, has been the #1 craft book from Writer’s Digest Books for over a decade. At a recent workshop I was teaching, I began by showing a clip from the amusing Albert Brooks film, The Muse. It’s the story of a middle-aged screenwriter facing a career crisis (which, in Hollywood, is almost redundant). Early on, Brooks is having lunch with a studio honcho who is about fifteen years his junior. Brooks has submitted an action script and wants feedback. The honcho says, â€Å"Let me put this in a form that’s not insulting, because I tend to be too direct. All my friends tell me that. The script’s no good.† Brook says, â€Å"That's the form that’s not insulting? What would the insulting form be?† When Brooks asks what’s wrong with the script, the honcho replies, â€Å"What’s wrong with the script ... is you.† Brooks presses for more specifics. The honcho finally says, â€Å"You’ve lost your edge.† Brooks looks at him with that Albert Brooks existential-angst expression he has practically trademarked. The honcho further states that the studio needs Brooks to vacate his office so Brian De Palma can have it. â€Å"You can’t give Brian De Palma my office!† Brooks says. â€Å"It’s not really your office,† the honcho replies. â€Å"We’re all just using space here. I’m where Lucille Ball used to be.† â€Å"Too bad you’re not where she is now.† In short, the lunch does not go well. After the clip, I told the class part of the reason they were at Story Masters was to avoid ever being subjected to a conversation like that. How? By finding and keeping their edge. Which every writer has, by the way. The challenge is to dig it out and give if form on the page. Just what is the edge? It’s you. It’s what sets you apart from every other writer. You are a unique human being, a package of singular experiences, passions, joys ... not to mention DNA. The trick to this edge business is marrying your distinctiveness with craft mastery and an overall strategy for your novel. Yeah, that’s all. I then showed the students a quote from a former acquisitions editor at Penguin, Marian Lizzi. She was writing about the things that cause a house to say no to a manuscript. One of these is that the book is not â€Å"remarkable/surprising/unputdownable enough†: This one is the  most difficult  to articulate – and yet in many ways it’s the most important hurdle to clear. Does the proposal get people excited? Will sales reps and buyers be eager to read it – and then eager to talk it up themselves?  Ã‚  As my first boss used to warn us green editorial assistants two decades ago the type of submission that’s the toughest to spot – and the most essential to avoid is the one that is â€Å"skillful, competent, literate, and ultimately forgettable.† These words are more important now than ever. We all know about the â€Å"tsunami of content† competing for attention and repeat business, even though so much of it is (how do I put this in a form that’s not insulting?) no good. However, a lot of it is good. Over the last nearly quarter-century of teaching the craft, I've seen the level of competent fiction rise significantly. With all of the teaching and critique-grouping and editor/agent-paneling and craft books and blogs out there, anyone with a minimal amount of talent- and a whole lot of grit- can learn to write competent fiction. Which means we have to be more than good to stand out from the morass. The edge is critical to getting us there. An old preacher once told his ministerial students that a sermon is no good unless it makes the congregation sad, mad, or glad. There is much truth in that. So try this exercise: Write down three things that make you sad, three that make you mad, and three that make you glad. (Note: just for variety, try skipping anything political!) Next, take each of these nine items and write one page about why you feel this way. Go deep. Use your life experiences, how you were raised, what you've observed, specific scenes from your past. You never have to show these pages to anyone, so rant and rave and cry all you want. Hot tears forge sharp edges. You now have nine pages of emotional response, unique to you. When you develop your main characters, give them a sad, mad, and glad set. They don’t have to overlap yours, but certainly may. Now create backstory to justify each feeling, keeping at it until you feel it too. Your edge will emerge. Follow it, put it in the sinew of your characters and the tension of your scenes. If you do that, there will be no need for an uncomfortable lunch. You can finish your book instead.       James Scott Bellis a bestselling thriller author and writing teacher. His seminal book, Plot Structure, has been the #1 craft book from Writer’s Digest Books for over a decade. A sought-after speaker at writers’ conferences, Jim’s popular course â€Å"Writing a Novel They Can’t Put Down† is now available online. You can visit his website at www.jamesscottbell.com.

Wild Strawberries by Ingmar Bergman Movie Review

Wild Strawberries by Ingmar Bergman - Movie Review Example In the movie, Isak Borg, the seventy eight year old physician, makes a journey back into his personal life, while he is in a journey by car to receive his jubilee doctorate. One of the most spectacular features of Wild Strawberries is the way Bergman portrays the tension and resolution in the life of the hero. "The most admirable feature of Wild Strawberries is Bergman's portrayal of tension and resolution in Borg's interior life. This is first done through skillful counterpointing of sound and scene, later through pictorial composition alone." (Scott, 1965, p 267). Whereas the overexposed shots provide the opening sequence of the movie the hideous whiteness, the use of the sound track achieves an original effect. Therefore, in a reflective analysis of the great movie by Ingmar Bergman it becomes lucid that it achieves significant artistic and technical success along with its success with a great story. The plot of the movie provides a tremendous treat to the audience and Bergman makes his mark as an excellent writer. Here, the major character Isak Borg, at the age of seventy eight, makes a stunning journey into his personal life which helps the audience in realizing essential facts regarding his life as a whole. The past events and experience of the character becomes part of the present and the whole story is reenacted in his memory. The journey he undertakes has an essential role in the self-realization of the character and he gradually gains insight into his own personality. The shortcomings in his life become obvious to Isak and he is able to rest peacefully after the jubilee festivities. The invigorating portrayal of the character as well as the captivating narration of the story by Bergman points to the success of the director. A careful analysis of the plot also helps one in realizing the skill of Bergman in writing as well as directing. "Isak Borg's search for peace and sel f knowledge takes the outer form of a journey through Sweden. He travels in a black, coffin-like car, which Bergman uses to suggest Isak's withdrawal from the world around him. Every time Isak spends out of his car, he in a sense steps into a world that challenges him to commitment. All of his experiences during the trip dramatize the existentialist view which is the film's philosophical core: that life is not a matter of merely being a spectator or submitting it to cold analysis." (Steene, 1968, p 71). Bergman is effective in presenting the essential transformation in the character of Isak who learns to be a human being concerned about the welfare of others as well as tp be a parent confronted by children. Therefore, the plot of the story is highly suggestive and the director's excellent use of the setting as well as the characters helps him depict the story in a highly effective and convincing way. In a profound analysis of the movie Wild Strawberries, the audience recognizes that it presents an essential Christian ethic which is symbolically suggested by Bergman and the journey undertaken by Isak suggests the pilgrimage of every faithful. Although there is no obvious link to Christian faith in the movie by Bergman, Wild Strawberries can clearly conceived as a symbolic pilgrimage which is a form of penance. It can be comprehended as a confessional drama in which the protagonist, Isak, goes

Salary Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Salary Negotiation - Essay Example The service of professionals has a market value that is measured based on the median pay of professionals with similar educational and professional background which is a baseline that helps a person determining how much labor of a person is worth. This essay discusses various strategies a professional can utilize in the middle of a salary negotiation and analysis the scenario of the person with a salary demand with counter move of the firm mentioning a specific budget for the position which is lower than the professional’s minimum salary demand. The salary negotiation scenario has many alternative solutions the person can choose to gain an upper hand and maximize the salary offer from the employer. The first argument that must be brought to the negotiating table is the employer’s improper conduct of setting up an interview with full knowledge of the minimum salary requirements to then bring a wild card of an alleged company budget for the position. The time of a person is worth money, the interviewee’s time is subject to the economic law of opportunity cost which stipulates that the value of a person’s time can be measured by comparing what the person could be earning if he were doing something else (Varian, 2003). There are online sources that allow a person to determine their market value based on multiple variables such as experience, education and geography. The website Salary.com provides in depth free reports about thousands of job profiles. For example an accountant with cero to two years of experience is categorized an Accountant I; this category for professionals living in the state of Florida has an average salary of approximately $37,000 per year (Salary.com, 2008). In the salary negotiation scenario the person with the salary demand should have based his initial minimum requirements on the median salary for his profession based on a verifiable source. When the company came with the salary

The length of the hydrocarbon chains affects Essay Example for Free

The length of the hydrocarbon chains affects Essay The aim of this experiment is to find out whether the length of the hydrocarbon chains affects how runny the oil is. Preliminary work needed: With the apparatus that is available in the school laboratory there are 2 different possible ways in which to carry out this experiment. From doing preliminary work testing both methods we hope to find out which one will give the most accurate reliable results. This will then be the experiment we carry out in the actual experiment itself. The two different methods we could use are as follows: 1. To simply take a slide, place it at an angle and drip oil down timing how long it takes to get to the bottom. 2. The other way would be to have a thin long tube filled with the oil, and timing how long it takes a small ball bearing to travel through each different oil. Preliminary results: From testing these two methods we immediately found that method 1 would be somewhat inaccurate. We found that each time we dropped oil onto the slide it took a different path every time. Therefore each different oil will be travelling a different distance. To gain any sort of accurate results the oil must travel the same distance each time. However, we found that we could make the oil go down in a straight line, but only if the slide was placed at a much greater angle. We initially tested this with the C12 oil, and with this it was fine. Then when we tried to ensure that the angle was ok for the C6 oil also we encountered problems. The oil fell down the slide so fast it was impossible to time. From the preliminary work we soon realised that method 2 would be far more accurate. From testing various different angles to place the tube at we found that 15i let the ball bearing roll through the oil at a manageable pace to be able to time it. We also found suitable start and finish marks for which the ball could pass through. Also using this method is far more practical, engine designers, for example, have to work out how long a liquid will take to pour down a tube. The diagram below shows how many different paths the oil could take going down a slide, with a tube the U shape at the bottom keeps the ball going in a straight line. This gives us far better results to take speeds of the ball from. Method: We are going to drop ball bearings into a small narrow but relatively long tube of oil, and time how long it takes for the ball to get past a given points: We will fill the tube up with oil, starting with C6 the going all the way through up to C16. ON each oil we will drop the ball bearing in from the top, start the timer when it goes passed the start mark and stop the timer when it goes past the finish mark. It is important that we ensure there is exactly 1. 5ml of oil in the tube and also the tube is placed at 15i. We plan to take 5 readings of each oil and then take an average of the results. Apparatus needed: 1. Clamp stand 2. Stop clock 3. Semi permanent marker pen (to mark start finish points) 4. 5 ball bearings 5. Protractor 6. Oils 7. Pipette 8. Safety goggles It is important to wear safety goggles throughout this experiment as we are dealing with oils. Maintaining a fair test: Two things need to be measured in this experiment and these are the amount of oil to use and the start and finish lines. From the preliminary work we found that 1. 5ml of the oil would sufficiently fill our tube up to a given point. When deciding where to mark the start and finish points we made sure that at the bottom of the tube was enough space for 5 ball bearings to lay. When marking the finish point we took this into consideration and marked the finish point accordingly, 1. 5cm up from the bottom of the tube. This was so that when we dropped each ball bearing in the same oil we wouldnt have to keep tipping all the oil out to get the ball bearing out each time. This would have made the experiment far more messy and time consuming. When marking the start point we made sure that for the runniest oil we had, the ball baring had enough distance to pick up a greater speed than what it would be travelling through the oil. Therefore for every oil we had, the ball would immediately hit the oil and slow down. The distance this gave us from start to finish was 10cm. There will only be one controlled variable in this experiment and that is the chain length of the oils we use. For accurate results we will be using 5 different oils, these are: C6, C8, C10, C12, and C16. We are unable to use a C14 oil but hopefully the graphs plotted from the results will allow us to see what result we would have gained from a C14 oil. Everything else in the experiment will be kept a constant. That is the angle of the tube, the ball bearings, and the same person stopping and starting the clock. To ensure that our results are even more accurate and reliable we will run the test through once before we actually start to take any results. This is because when the ball bearings have been in the oil once it is extremely difficult to remove all the particles of oil, there will always be an oily residue left on the ball. So the only way to solve this would be to ensure that before taking any results the ball already has this thin layer of oil over it for every different test on each of the oils. In addition to this it is important that the ball is placed into the tube right at the top and left to roll down pushing the ball down into the tube will provide inaccurate results. Prediction: I predict that as the chain length of an oil increases, the runniness of the oil will decrease, (the ball bearing will take longer to travel through the oil). If you compare a hexane molecule (C8 H12) to an octane molecule (C8H18) it is clear that the octane molecule has more carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms: The difference between them is to do with the overall size of the molecule.

An investigation of the glucose concentration of the cell sap in potato

An investigation of the glucose concentration of the cell sap in potato cells In this experiment I intend to investigate the effects of osmosis on potato cells. Specifically, I intend to use my knowledge of osmosis to investigate the glucose concentration of the cell sap in potato cells. Osmosis is a method by which water levels on either side of a semi permeable membrane may balance themselves. It occurs between regions of high water concentration and low water concentration. As it is a special method of diffusion exclusive to water, it also allows dilute and concentrated solutions to balance their strengths. It does this by preventing large non-water particles from passing through the semi-permeable membrane due to their size, in order that the water levels on either side may equate, regardless of the solution's other contents. Osmosis is passive, that is to say it does not require energy in order to be performed. This is because it occurs solely between regions of high and low water concentration. The direction and speed of osmosis depends on the two solutions' osmotic potential. This is the measure of the pressure by which the water molecules of a solution diffuse across a semi-permeable membrane. A solution's potential is defined by its concentration. The more soluble a solution has in it, the lower its water concentration and the lower its osmotic potential. In the example below sugar molecules represent the soluble. Cell sap is contained in the vacuole of a cell and is a part glucose, part water solution. The membrane of the cell acts as a semi-permeable membrane across which osmosis occurs (see below). In the case of osmosis into and out of the vacuole, it occurs across two membranes - the plasmalemma and the tonoplast. When osmosis occurs, water may enter or leave the vacuole according to the concentration of the substances inside and outside the potato cell. In the example below we see what would happen if a plant cell were surrounded by pure water. As pure water has the highest water concentration possible, osmosis will invariably occur into the cell vacuole, which by definition contains a solution lower water concentration. The plant cell will take in as much water as is needed to make the water levels on either side of the membrane equal. As the glucose molecules cannot pass out of the cell to equate the water levels, the volume of cell sa... ...order to obtain a wider and more precise base of evidence. There is scope for further investigation of the topic in order to obtain further evidence and draw a more accurate conclusion. For example, now the concentration of potato cell sap has been identified at about 15%, a smaller range of solution strengths could be used in an otherwise identical experiment; 5 solutions of 10% and 20% concentration for example. Alternatively, investigations could be conducted into the effects of osmosis on different vegetables or more widely plants in general. For further information on the potato, the same experiment could be conducted using samples from different parts of the plant. This would establish whether different areas of a plant have differing levels of sucrose in their cell sap. Any of these suggestions would both help to support my conclusion and extend the investigation in general further. Bibliography - GCSE Biology D. G. Mackean - Biology for You Gareth Williams - The Times GCSE Revision Guides - Biology PC CD ROM - Hutchinson's Multimedia Encyclopaedia PC CD ROM - www.britannica.com - www.bbc.co.uk/education - www.homeworkhigh.com/science - www.learn.co.uk An investigation of the glucose concentration of the cell sap in potato An investigation of the glucose concentration of the cell sap in potato cells In this experiment I intend to investigate the effects of osmosis on potato cells. Specifically, I intend to use my knowledge of osmosis to investigate the glucose concentration of the cell sap in potato cells. Osmosis is a method by which water levels on either side of a semi permeable membrane may balance themselves. It occurs between regions of high water concentration and low water concentration. As it is a special method of diffusion exclusive to water, it also allows dilute and concentrated solutions to balance their strengths. It does this by preventing large non-water particles from passing through the semi-permeable membrane due to their size, in order that the water levels on either side may equate, regardless of the solution's other contents. Osmosis is passive, that is to say it does not require energy in order to be performed. This is because it occurs solely between regions of high and low water concentration. The direction and speed of osmosis depends on the two solutions' osmotic potential. This is the measure of the pressure by which the water molecules of a solution diffuse across a semi-permeable membrane. A solution's potential is defined by its concentration. The more soluble a solution has in it, the lower its water concentration and the lower its osmotic potential. In the example below sugar molecules represent the soluble. Cell sap is contained in the vacuole of a cell and is a part glucose, part water solution. The membrane of the cell acts as a semi-permeable membrane across which osmosis occurs (see below). In the case of osmosis into and out of the vacuole, it occurs across two membranes - the plasmalemma and the tonoplast. When osmosis occurs, water may enter or leave the vacuole according to the concentration of the substances inside and outside the potato cell. In the example below we see what would happen if a plant cell were surrounded by pure water. As pure water has the highest water concentration possible, osmosis will invariably occur into the cell vacuole, which by definition contains a solution lower water concentration. The plant cell will take in as much water as is needed to make the water levels on either side of the membrane equal. As the glucose molecules cannot pass out of the cell to equate the water levels, the volume of cell sa... ...order to obtain a wider and more precise base of evidence. There is scope for further investigation of the topic in order to obtain further evidence and draw a more accurate conclusion. For example, now the concentration of potato cell sap has been identified at about 15%, a smaller range of solution strengths could be used in an otherwise identical experiment; 5 solutions of 10% and 20% concentration for example. Alternatively, investigations could be conducted into the effects of osmosis on different vegetables or more widely plants in general. For further information on the potato, the same experiment could be conducted using samples from different parts of the plant. This would establish whether different areas of a plant have differing levels of sucrose in their cell sap. Any of these suggestions would both help to support my conclusion and extend the investigation in general further. Bibliography - GCSE Biology D. G. Mackean - Biology for You Gareth Williams - The Times GCSE Revision Guides - Biology PC CD ROM - Hutchinson's Multimedia Encyclopaedia PC CD ROM - www.britannica.com - www.bbc.co.uk/education - www.homeworkhigh.com/science - www.learn.co.uk

Creative Art and Fine Art Essay

By a broad definition of art,[9] artistic works have existed for almost as long as humankind: from early pre-historic art to contemporary art; however, some theories restrict the concept to modern Western societies. [10] The first and broadest sense of art is the one that has remained closest to the older Latin meaning, which roughly translates to â€Å"skill† or â€Å"craft. † A few examples where this meaning proves very broad include artifact, artificial, artifice, medical arts, and military arts. However, there are many other colloquial uses of the word, all with some relation to its etymology. The second and more recent sense of the word art is as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art and emerged in the early 17th century. [13] Fine art means that a skill is being used to express the artist’s creativity, or to engage the audience’s aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of the finer things. The word art can refer to several things: a study of creative skill, a process of using the creative skill, a product of the creative skill, or the audience’s experience with the creative skill. The creative arts (art as discipline) are a collection of disciplines that produce artworks (art as objects) that are compelled by a personal drive (art as activity) and convey a message, mood, or symbolism for the viewer to interpret (art as experience). Art is something that stimulates an individual’s thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas through the senses. Artworks can be explicitly made for this purpose or interpreted on the basis of images or objects. Although the application of scientific knowledge to derive a new scientific theory involves skill and results in the â€Å"creation† of something new, this represents science only and is not categorized as art. Often, if the skill is being used in a common or practical way, people will consider it a craft instead of art. Likewise, if the skill is being used in a commercial or industrial way, it may be considered commercial art instead of fine art. On the other hand, crafts and design are sometimes considered applied art. Some art followers have argued that the difference between fine art and applied art has more to do with value judgments made about the art than any clear definitional difference. [14] However, even fine art often has goals beyond pure creativity and self-expression. The purpose of works of art may be to communicate ideas, such as in politically, spiritually, or philosophically motivated art; to create a sense of beauty (seeaesthetics); to explore the nature of perception; for pleasure; or to generate strong emotions. The purpose may also be seemingly nonexistent. Art is a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities; this article focuses primarily on the visual arts, which includes the creation of images or objects in fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media. Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts; however, like the decorative arts, it involves the creation of objects where the practical considerations of use are essential—in a way that they are usually not for a painting, for example. Music, theatre, film, dance, and other performing arts, as well as literature, and other media such as interactive media are included in a broader definition of art or the arts. [1] Creative arts is a subject of study for a number of universities, including those that offer a degree of Bachelor of Creative Arts. [1] Areas of study include dramaturgy, music, graphic arts/cartooning, performing arts, film, publishing, galleries, museums, and the visual arts.

How to Study Effectively Essay

lace where you can work regularly. This place should be dedicated to study, free of potential distractions from friends or family — yes folks, even your cat. Regular work in such an environment helps form good, effective study habits, and improves concentration and focus. Distractions waste precious time and cause tension. Get rid of clutter. Keep things simple — keep things tidy. Get a study timetable organized and prioritize. Prepare a list or timetable for tasks for that day, and for the week and number them according to which ones need to be done first. These get the priority and will not necessarily be the easiest. Mark and label all your work folders and content and place them in separate piles so that you can clearly see how much work you need to do and what has already been revised. Tick off the tasks as they are completed. Make sure that the area for your study is well lit and has an ambient temperature where you can focus. The quality of focus determines the quality of understanding. You cannot apply what you learn without understanding and exams test your ability to apply what you have learnt. The Motivation for Learning should be clear — top grades will mean higher earnings and a better quality life. Learn to work for them†¦ Food: What you eat affects your thinking. The Rule is Eat Little — but often. Eat healthy meals such as fish, fruits, and sandwiches that provide the vitamins and minerals that you need and do not make heavy demands on your digestive system. Know when You are ‘Switched On’. Try to be aware of your bio clock and what time of the day you work best. Optimise by revising when you work best but keep an eye on the exam date and time. You will need to get used to working at that hour. Do The Challenging Revision First — when you are fresh. Trying to focus on difficult problems when you are tired can be difficult. Look after your physical health. Take regular breaks, get plenty of fresh air and do some walking or stretching. Study in small chunks lasting 25 to 35 minutes. Your memory and concentration will work better if you study in short bursts but often†¦

A Look At Muslim Birth Rites Religion Essay Example

A Look At Muslim Birth Rites Religion Essay Example A Look At Muslim Birth Rites Religion Essay A Look At Muslim Birth Rites Religion Essay Moslems have some really simple rites for welcoming a kid. The babe s first gustatory sensation should be something sweet, so parents may masticate a piece of day of the month and rub the juice along the babe s gums. It was a pattern carried out by the Prophet Muhammad and is believed to assist bantam digestive systems to kick in. There are a figure of events that take topographic point on or after the 7th twenty-four hours. After seven yearss the babe s caput is shaved ( a tradition besides carried out by Hindus ) . This is to demo that the kid is the retainer of Allah. Although Hindus may take the babe s hair to India and spread it in the sanctum river Ganges, Muslims weigh it and give the tantamount weight in Ag to charity. Ideally, Muslim babe male childs are circumcised when they are seven yearss old although it can take topographic point any clip before pubescence. It is besides tradition to take a name for the babe on the 7th twenty-four hours. The aqeeqah is besides traditionally carried out on the 7th twenty-four hours. This is a jubilation which involves the slaughter of sheep. Sheep are sacrificed ( in Britain the meat is ordered at the meatmans ) and the meat is distributed to relations and neighbors and besides given to the hapless. The reaching of a new babe is a affair of great joy for any household. For the Muslims, this occassion is described as glad newss from Allah in the Holy Quran. Hence Muslims welcome the new babe in an ehsan manner . This means that the birth of a babe is celebrated in a manner that is prescribed by the dictates of Shariah and the traditions of the Holy Prophet ( peace and approvals of Allah upon him ) . ~Dua for the new born baby~ The birth of a babe is a ground to observe, to joy and to thank Allah for His Blessings. To compliment Muslim parents upon the birth of the babe, it is mustahib ( preferable act ) to state: You have been blessed in what you have been given. May you give thanks to the One who granted it. May your kid reach adulthood and right-guidance, and may Allah do him/her a approval for you. ~Welcoming the baby~ It is forbidden by Allah and His Messenger ( peace and approvals of Allah upon him ) to demo letdown over the sex of the babe. In pre-Islamic epoch, the birth of a girl was greeted with plaints of suffering and sorrow. Sons were much preferred and pre Islamic Arab male parents used to bury their infant girls in sand. This pattern has non changed much in some civilizations but as Muslims we should cognize that boies and girls both are approvals from Allah. The act of ungratefulness and harbouring evil ideas for the guiltless babe has been declared a wickedness in the Holy Quran. The preferable act is to ask after the babe s wellness and general well being and so thank Allah in these words All congratulations and thanks for Allah, Lord of all creative activity . ( Bukhari ) ~Azan in the ear~ After the babe is cleaned and dressed, a male grownup normally the male parent or a gramps recites adhan ( call for supplication ) in the right ear and iqamah ( proclamation for get downing the supplication ) in the left ear. Hence, the first sound that reaches the ears of the neonate is the call to Allah and the testimony that Allah is Great. The sound of the adhan besides keeps the little babe safe from immoralities by driving Satan off. ~Tahneek~ It is in the tradition of Holy Prophet ( peace and approvals of Allah be upon him ) to offer the Tahneek to the babe. For tahneek a day of the month or a sweet thing like honey is softened and placed in the neonate s oral cavity. This act is followed by invocation to Allah to bless the babe. ~Naming the baby~ Many parents decide the name of the babe before the birth if they have ascertained the babe sex beforehand. Some parents maintain two names in head, one for the male and the other for the female progeny. It is allowable to call the babe right after his birth or delay for seven yearss. The name must hold a good significance. It is customary amongst the Muslims to call their babe after the properties of Allah, His Prophetss who came before Prophet Muhammad, the names of Prophet Muhammad, his baronial comrades and other pious personalities. The babe should non be named after those who defied Allah and His Messengers. ~Aqeeqah and Circumcision~ The Prophet Muhammad ( peace and approvals of Allah be upon him ) said: For the male child there should be an aqeeqah. Slaughter ( an animate being ) for him and take the harmful thing [ i.e. , the foreskin ] from him. January 1 is besides compulsory in instance of a male child and should be done every bit shortly as possible. The new born babe s caput is besides shaved and an sum of Ag equal to the weight of his hair is given to the hapless. For the aqeeqah , Muslims forfeit two sheep for a boy and a individual sheep for a girl. The meat can be distributed amongst household members or the same can be cooked and everybody invited to a banquet to observe this event. Gifts and money are normally given by friends and household members to the proud and happy parents on this happy juncture. Birth Two rites accompany the birth of a kid. First, the Call to Prayer is whispered into the neonate s right ear as the first sound it hears. This act symbolically brings the babe into an consciousness of Allah from the first minute of life. This is accompanied by reading from the Quran and other little rites. Second, after a few daysaa‚Â ¬ imposts in some states specify seven daysaa‚Â ¬ a appellative ceremonial is held. At a assemblage of household and friends, the kid is officially given a name, and frequently a lock of hair is cut from its caput. This is frequently accompanied by other rites, such as a repast, forfeits, readings from the Quran, and so on. On rite frequently practiced is that of almsgiving. The babe is weighed and an tantamount sum in Ag is given to charity. The naming ceremonial besides serves as an entryway rite for those who convert to Islam subsequently in life. During it, they receive an Islamic name, normally in Arabic, and seen to be freshly born into the religion. Muslim belief holds that all males should be circumcized, although at what point in a childaa‚Â ¬a„?s life this happens is non specified. It is frequently performed when the male child is still a yearling. Traditionally, the Circumcision was accompanied by a jubilation, while today is often takes topographic point in a infirmary clinic.

School Gossip Can Destroy Teachers and Staff Members

School Gossip Can Destroy Teachers and Staff Members A teacher conducts an activity to show her class just how silly gossip can be. She whispers something to a student and then that student whispers it to the next until it had been passed to every student in class. What started as, We are going to have a long three day weekend starting tomorrow ended up as, We will be lucky if three of you arent killed this weekend. The teacher uses this activity to teach her students why you shouldn’t believe everything you hear. She also discusses why it is essential to stop gossip instead of helping to spread it.​ The lesson above is sadly not limited to the students in the school. Gossip runs rampant in just about any workplace. Schools should be a safe haven where this is not a significant problem. The faculty and staff within a school should never start, participate in, or promote gossip. However, the truth is that all too often schools are the focal point of gossip in the community. The teacher’s lounge or the teacher’s table in the cafeteria is often the center of where this gossip occurs. It is mind-boggling as to why people need to talk about what is going on with other people. Teachers should always practice what they preach. Particularly those who have seen the negative impact gossip has had on their students. The truth is that the effect of gossip can be the same or worse as an adult. When Empathy Proves Elusive As a teacher, you have so much going on in your own classroom and life that it can be difficult to truly understand that there is just as much or more going on in every other classroom and co-workers lives. Empathy sometimes proves elusive when it should be commonplace. Gossip is frustrating because it builds walls between teachers and staff members that need to be working together. Instead, they feud because someone said something about the other to someone else. The entire idea of gossip among a school faculty and staff is disheartening. Gossip can split a schools faculty and staff in half and in the end, the people who are hurt the worst will be your student body As a school leader, it is your job to discourage gossip among the adults in your building.  Teaching is difficult enough without worrying about what others are saying.   Teachers should have each other’s back, not talk behind each other’s back. Gossip creates a large part of your discipline issues with students, and it will create even larger problems within your faculty and staff if it is not dealt with quickly. The key to minimizing the gossip issues among your faculty/staff is to educate them on the topic. Being proactive will go a long way in keeping gossip issues to a minimum. Have regular conversations with your faculty and staff members discussing the bigger picture about the damage that gossip can cause. Furthermore, implement strategic team build activities that bring them together and naturally forge solid relationships. When it comes to gossip, make sure they know what your expectations are and how you will deal with it when it becomes an issue. How to Proactively Defeat Conflict It is also not realistic to have a faculty and staff where there is never any conflict. A policy or set of guidelines must be in place when this happens that leads towards resolution between the two parties instead of division. Encourage your faculty and staff members to bring these issues to you and then act as a mediator between the two parties. Having them sit down together and talk out their issues will help. It may not be effective in every case, but it will peacefully solve the majority of conflict issues that you have with your faculty and staff. It is better to take this approach than to have them gossiping about it with other members of the faculty and staff which can lead to bigger issues down the line.

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Operation Management - Essay Example Operations management must be strategized to enable competitiveness. Such can be achieved if the entrepreneurs proficiently practice financial management, customer care satisfaction, operation risk management, innovation and creativity in business management, as well as regular monitoring or evaluation of performance using standard index of measure. Other than protecting capital and investments from foreign exchange losses, it is also essential to undertake strengthening activities to improve organizational performance and to critically understand the market trend using behavior-analysis for them to nurture change adaptability especially when foreign exchange rate in the market is reel to fluctuate. Slack et. al. pointed that performance is improved if an organization is adherent to total quality control to do what is right to maintain an effective and quality operation that is cost-efficient; do functions and roles efficiently to effectively deliver services; perform jobs timely to nurture reliance in the delivery of goods and services; and to practice flexibility in the production of goods or delivery of services based on supply and demand situation in the market. 2.2 Operations performance for efficiency and competitive advantage Learn from experiences. Tardiness doesn’t favor business. Business must be dealt with efficiency thus, it is important for the organization to maintain effective operational technology to spare procedural dysfunction or breakdown; strengthen time utilitization as against absenteeism; and optimization of quality standards of job performance to develop a culture of efficiency in the workplaces. In so doing, entrepreneurs should produce goods with quality standards in accordance to policies and scale or context of economies. The organization must also prefer highly-skilled and well-trained human resources who are willing to out-perform other competitors in the market. As such, other than their inherent capacities, workers should be measured with their actual output as against goals and of key results as against the period of time allotted for the perfection of production or delivery of service. This is very significant in supply chain management of the retail industry. 2.3 Suppl y chain management in retailing Supply chain management (SCM) refers to the mechanism adopted by retailers in the performance of their business operation which specifically deal with the transport of goods and services from its production or site to its consumers (Kavcic, 2006). Retailing is the significant last step in this system where entrepreneurs match goods with consumers needs within the context of supply and demand relocations. SCM enhances organization’s performance to enable the integration and interaction of internal and external relations between suppliers, retailers, customers, or buyers.

Authentication of Individuals in E-exams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Authentication of Individuals in E-exams - Essay Example Fingerprint recognition systems are considered to be the most commonly deployed biometric systems, due to their precision, ease and performance [10]. Arista Knowledge Systems(TM) and DigitalPersona(TM) claim to develop the first e-Learning management system to verify students by their fingerprints [14]. Arges et al proposed a hybrid approach in which an electronic token or e-card was used along with the fingerprint verification to increase the authentication performance of the e-exam security system [11]. The system involved a process of enrolment- to capture the user’s fingerprint for the database and generate a specific e-token for the user. Authenticated users were provided access by verifying their fingerprints and e-tokens with the stored database.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hand geometry recognition systems require a small sized data to uniquely identify a user from its stored database or templates [12]. A system is proposed by Jain et al. [13] in which there exist processes of image acquisition, enrolment and verification. One commendable approach in this system to enhance the accuracy of the acquired hand geometry image is that two samples are taken from the user. Average is taken for these samples so that an accurate image can then be compared with stored database of enrolled users. This system can easily be deployed for e-learning environments because of its ease and accuracy. ProAccess FaceOK developed a system for the recognition of human face image [15]. They claim it to be the first system with the face learning capability.

Jim Crow laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Jim Crow laws - Essay Example Jim Crow laws It was reported that the racial economic gap between the blacks and whites tripled in the year 1984. At the same time slave trade was reported to increase significantly whereby, the blacks were overworked in the plantations, construction of American railway lines and in the mines. This made African Americans in the south to launch a civil war on April 1865, civil war continued to fight slavery and mistreatment of blacks by the whites. Before 1865 the civil war was successfully able to end slave trade. In above connection, the civil war was reported to be successful because it helped the African Americans to accumulate wealth. However, their efforts failed in the year 1874 due to their higher commitment on risky loans that were initially advanced to them by the whites. In addition, the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment were further established and approved by the congress after the civil war. The Thirteenth amendment was established to abolish slavery while the Fourteenth amendment was established to protect human rights that were adversely affected by racial segregation. However, the two amendments continued to experience challenges because even after the enforcement they were altered by the majority whites to suit their needs and prevent equality between the whites and the blacks. In the year 1890 the state passed laws that were aimed at increasing racial segregation against the black people. One of the examples of these laws is the Jim Crow statute. This law was established after the civil war movement was over. ... In addition, they were not satisfied with the amendment in the laws which asserted passed that all people were to be treated equally and with dignity despite discrepancy in racial and ethnic set up. The above amendments made the southern state to become dissatisfied whereby, instead of implementing the resolutions made, they started making further amendments of the law. The first amendment was made in 1980 by the legislature and was supported by the U.S Supreme Court together with American whites in the southern parts. The Jim Crow system segregated blacks in all aspect of life. For example, in Birmingham, Albama, 1930, Jim Crow Law asserted that, it shall be unlawful for the white and Negro to accompany each other or play any game together. In Nebraska, 1911, Jim Crow Laws stated that marriage between a white person and any other race such as Japanese, Chinese and Negro shall be void. In Missouri, 1929, Jim Crow Law stated that separate school shall be established and it shall be un lawful for Childs of Negros to attend any white school and vice versa. In Tennessee, 1891, Jim Craw laws stated that it separate accommodation shall be provided for the white and colored people in all railroads that carry passengers in the state. Access to health care was also faced with racial discrimination by which, blacks were not supposed to attend the same hospital. For example, it was illegal for a white nurse to attend a black man irrespective of whether the patient is in critical condition. Racial segregation under Jim Crow Laws may further be observed in the case of Plessey vs. Ferguson (1896). In this case, 30 years old Plessey sat on a white car of East Louisiana Railroad and identified himself as a

Future Products Influenced By Gianni Versace Fashion Essay

Future Products Influenced By Gianni Versace Fashion Essay Summary The main purpose of this report is to give some useful advice to develop future product ranges through researching the design of the late Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace. Firstly, as the founder of Versace fashion house, Gianni Versace was an extremely powerful designer who had won a great number of nobles and awards. Because of his glamorous design, many celebrities were his fans. Versace nurtured a group of supermodels who plays an essential role in his fashion empire. Secondly, Gianni Versace s design principles are sexiness, luxury and detail, his design philosophy is representing the energy of human body. Thirdly, through the contrast and compare the designs of Gianni Versace, Giorgio Armani and Roberto Cavalli, it is clearly to see the similarities and differences between these Italian fashion hierarchs. In addition, it is impossible to avoid discussing the great influence Gianni Versace had on contemporary fashion and the reason his design is still relevance today which is the spirit of innovation and luxury. Finally, there are several suggestions may be useful to develop future product ranges such as applying luxurious materials, sexy cut and exquisite decorations. Findings About the Designer Among the first-class fashion brands in Europe, Versace from Italy is undoubtedly an iconic flag which is emitting radiant and luxuriant sparkles. It presents the pioneering culture of contemporary fashion, interprets the full-bodied humanistic emotion from South Italy through a strong perception of aesthetic. The founder of the brand, Gianni Versace, dedicated his entire life into pursuing of the beauty of fashion, has been honored as one of the greatest fashion designers on the planet. At the very beginning, Gianni Versace s design did not cause a worldwide impact, until he met the famous American photographer, Richard Avedon who captured successful collections with innovative pictures of sultry male and female models interlocking their sprawling bodies. Versace s unique and stylish works began to appear on covers of world s most famous fashion magazines. His extremely avant-garde artistic characteristics, attractive style of the Renaissance and imaginative patterns have gradually been accepted and appreciated by fashion insiders. He has won numerous awards such as Commendatore della Repubblica Italiana , Grande Medaille de Vermeil de la Ville de Paris and the Maschera DArgento prize for his huge professional contribution to the theatre, the most significant one is the much-coveted CFDA International Award which is known as the Oscar in fashion industry presented by the Council of Fashion Designers of America. ( Gianni Versace , 2007) Followers of Gianni Versace have a wide range of identities from royal members to rock stars; glitterati such as Elton John, Madonna and Bon Jovi are devotees of him. He successfully combined great passion for art, high-level fashion design and top models he cultivated became one of the most energetic organizer and participant of international luxury fashion show. Tragically, at the peak of his life, Gianni Versace was shot dead in front of his mansion in Miami, Florida. The bullet terminated a romantic legend from Mediterranean. Design philosophy and principles Pursuing of innovation, luxury and detail was always the design principles of Gianni Versace. If consumers found some garment which made them feel ablush with shame because of the bold luxury and fearless reveal, at the same time could not help themselves trying it on. That must be Versace s work, because the philosophy of Versace is: Don t destroy body s energy, do not . Versace s design combined classical and trendy spirit, wondering around between elegant and vulgar style. His works were symbol of avant-garde fashion which has extremely unique beauty, emphasized cheerful and sexy. The most glamorous ones are those presenting characteristic of the Renaissance which fulfilled with imagination at the same time. These patterns are beautiful, sexy, feminine and colourful, combine dramatic luxury, wearing comfort and body fitness. Speaking of classical, royal luxury is an essential element in his design, including graceful smooth linellae, bright colourway, noble and luxurious fabric and bias-cut style. (Martin, 1997) Actually speaking, Versace s design is not as tough as it appears. Trousers with metal mesh and shiny decorations, dresses made of animal skin created a female image between warrior and enchantress. Embroidery and metal mash tones is a recurrence of deco art. The variation of black and white linellae makes individuals recollect 1920s style. A variety of tie-up dressing is a reflection of North African feeling. Bias-cut is the most powerful and precious nature of Versace s design, bonding with gem colourway and smooth linellae, generated infinite glamorous of asymmetric. He adopted luxuriant fabric, crossed over tough geometric linellae and curves of soft body through bias-cut. (Casadio, 1998) Speaking of men s wear, Versace created a bold, magnificent even sultry style by applying of animal skin and the size is slight loose and comfortable, but the keynote is still bias-cut technique. Wide shoulder and extremely detailed treatments hint some kind of science fiction, people named it futurist design. Linellae is an essential factor of Versace s design, suits, dresses and overcoats were all marked by smooth linellae, presented sexy image of female body. Luxury, sexiness and bright colour are his style and the reason celebrities love his design. In the fiercely competitive industry of luxury, the inherent mystique of Versace is unparalleled. Sexy, coquettish and contrasty design uniting with iconic snake-headed Medusa from ancient Greek mythology sublimed his design into legend. Contrast to other contemporary designers Giorgio Armani Comparing to Versace s unique and sexy style, Giorgio Armani s design is much more unobtrusive and never trendy. He could create a perfect and marvelous balance between market demand and glamorous fashion, neutral colourway, elegant tailoring make consumers have no need to flaunt. Removing irrelevant and redundant details is a great contribution of him to fashion tailoring. Armani s concise style always roamed between classical and modern sense, blurred the boundary, expressed the unique showily temperament of European traditional garments. At the same time he masterly interweaved modern feeling into classical imagery, gave garments boundless prospect. People may find it ordinary at the first sight, but afterwards they will feel high-spirited modern passion and the pure dignity without complexity. (Armani, 2003) Giorgio Armani s design style is mostly different from Gianni Versace s, but these two powerful Italian designers certainly have some similarities. Firstly, luxury is the common pursuit of them, regardless of the specific style; Armani and Versace are both symbols of luxury fashion. Secondly, they have great passion adopting high-quality fabrics in order to create excellent texture. In addition, Mediterranean glamour is the core spirit of their design. Roberto Cavalli Speaking of Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, the style of his design is similar to Gianni Versace s in some ways; he is also a pioneer and innovator in the fashion world just like Mr. Versace. From 1960s when Roberto Cavalli founded his company, the wild and sexy style has always been the label of his design, the wildest design in Milan. In 1990s, Cavalli s works became a unique symbol apart from the fashion main stream, contradictions and conflicts were everywhere in his design: two very different kinds of fabric combining together, mixture of concise and luxury, wandering around between formal grace and free style completely collapse the inflexible fashion theory. Double-faced characteristic representing both mild and tough, steady and wild, has become the aesthetic standard of new generation. Roberto Cavalli, the hierarch of wild fashion only design following his own method. Luxury furry coat, traditional embroidery and knitwear with luxuriant pattern are well-known chic items; turning simple elements into luxuriant design, drawing materials from nature are his frequently-used technique. However, the most attractive element of his style is apparently the scent of hormon e. (The Independence, 2010) Striking colourway, sexy cut and luxuriant fabrics are the common pursue of Mr. Cavalli and Versace. Animal print, chiffon, velvet, silk, fur, leather, jewel, and baroque embroidery are highlighted words in their design dictionary. Although their designs are similar, there are apparently some differences. Roberto Cavalli s design emphasized elements drawing from nature, so it is slightly wilder than Versace s. On the other hand, Versace focused on the elegant tailoring and bias cut therefore it is more glamorous to a certain extent. Influence in contemporary fashion After Mr. Versace s gone, Donatella his sister has handled the torch and managed to keep Versace in the centre of fashion industry, inheriting her brother s spirit, impressing fashionistas and the fashion critics. It is impossible to neglect the great influence Gianni had on the fashion industry. His signature style was bold, maybe too bold for some critics so that they declared Versace s garments were shallow, flashy and narcissistic. He often took inspiration from the blocks, suggesting wild sexiness and even bondage. It is still easy to find some elements which are very similar to Gianni s style in recent years collections such as animal print, sexy cut and even metal mesh. Today, most individuals believe that the style of minimalism is the main stream of fashion industry, less is more is a popular saying, even some people s favorite quote. It is true that minimalism is an elegant style through concise cut and simple colourway. However, fashion is never a monotonous world but a multifarious wonderland, and this is the reason people love it more than anything else. The artistic influence of Gianni Versace in the fashion world and stage was actually unparalleled, because his design is extremely unique, innovative and luxury. Conclusions From 1972 he started his career in Milan as a fashion designer when he was 25 to 1997 tragically been shot to death in front of his house in Miami, Gianni Versace had received a great number of honours and awards for his great contribution to fashion industry. His fascinating design was known by colourful printing, sexy cut, exquisite decorations and luxuriant materials. Pursuit of innovation, esthetic and luxury is always his design philosophy. As independent avant-garde design, his works express innovative elements and boundless imagination, at the same time has characteristic of the Renaissance. Through comparing to other contemporary fashion designers, it is clear to see Gianni Versace s design is comparatively unique. It is totally the opposite of concise design and style of minimalism, striking colourway and luxury are his labels. On the other hand it has its own special glamour of Mediterranean such as elegant tailoring, exquisite decorations and smooth linellae. Although Mr. Versace had been gone for more than a decade, his design is still relevance; people can easily find his impact to today s designs. No one can deny the artistic influence of Gianni Versace s design to contemporary fashion. Recommendations Through above research, it is clearly to see the great value in Gianni Versace s design. Although today s main stream of fashion may be minimalism, there are still numerous of applicable elements in his works. There are several recommendations below may be useful to develop future product ranges: 1. Design should be more luxurious. Although it is unnecessary to use too many exquisite decorations and avant-garde materials, at least high quality fabrics should be applied. Not any individual would pay for garments made of paper. 2. Tailoring should be sexier. Sexy and bias cut should be applied into future products, the reason is simple: everyone likes to be sexy. 3. Selectively apply some decorations. There is no need to use too many of them, a few exquisite decorations could be the finishing touch to the picture of a dragon. Bibliography: Armani, G. (2003) Giorgio Armani, Royal Academy of Arts, London. Casadio, M. (1998) Versace, Thames and Hudson Ltd, London. Celant, G. (1997) Gianni Versace: the art of being you, Abbeville Press, New York. Ghosh, D. Versace: Gianni s Legacy and Donatella s Chutzpah , (2009) Life in Italy, Available: http://www.lifeinitaly.com/fashion/versace.asp (accessed: 2010, October 17) Gianni Versace , (2007) ABT, Available: http://www.abt.org/education/archive/designers/versace.html (accessed: 2010, October 23) Gianni Versace , Fashion Model Directory, Available: http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/gianni-versace/ (accessed: 2010, October 17) Gianni Versace, fashion designer , (2007) Fashion Infomat, Available: http://www.infomat.com/whoswho/gianniversace.html (accessed: 2010, October 20) I love a woman, I love to judge how beautiful she is, how beautiful I can make her (2010) The Independence, 30 Oct, p. 24. Martin, R. (1997) Versace, Thames and Hudson Ltd, London. Special: A Tribute To Gianni Versace , Fashion Design, Available: http://www.made-in-italy.com/fashion/fashion_houses/versace/intro.htm (accessed: 2010, October 17) Versace, G. (1996) Do not disturb, Abbeville Press, New York. Versace, G. (1994) Men Without Ties, Abbeville Press, New York. Versace, G. (1997) Rock and Royalty, Abbeville Press, New York. Versace, G. (1992) Versace Signature, Abbeville Press, New York. White, N. (2000) Reconstructing Italian Fashion, Berg, Oxford, UK. Wilcox, C. (2002) The art and craft of Gianni Versace, VA, London. Illustrations A Legend In Fashion: Gianni Versace , (2010) The Vintage Independent, Available: http://thevintageindependent.blogspot.com/ (accessed: 2010, November 11) Couture Fashion Week in New York , (2010) Manhattan Style, Available: http://www.manhattanstyle.com/arts-entertainment/celebrities/couture-fashion-week-in-new-york/ (accessed: 2010, November 13) Giorgio Armani 2009 spring/summer , (2009) Fzengine, Available: http://b.fzengine.com/pic/4360_3D0B.html (accessed: 2010, November 12) Giorgio Armani back to 80s , (2009) Ifeng, Available: http://fashion.ifeng.com/video/wqsssc/detail_2009_12/04/178132_0.shtml (accessed: 2010, November 12) Gianni Versace , (2010) Swotti, Available: www.swotti.com/people/gianni-versace_17551.htm (accessed: 2010, November 11) Gianni Versace Madame X evening gown, 1980s-90s , (2010) Vintage Textile, Available: http://www.vintagetextile.com/new_page_637.htm (accessed: 2010, November 12) NE?Tiger 2010 Spring/Summer Fashion Show , (2010) Wedding Inspirsi, Available: http://www.weddinginspirasi.com/2010/01/27/ne-tiger-2010-spring-summer-fashion-show/ (accessed: 2010, November 12) Roberto Cavalli , (2010) Photobucket, Available: http://s104.photobucket.com/albums/m185/michelita_martinez/?action=viewcurrent=cover_roberto_cavalli_2006_.jpg (accessed: 2010, November 12) The Fabulous House of Versace Donatella Versace Exclusive Interview by Colin McDowell , (2010) Luxe-Gifts, Available: http://luxegifts.blogspot.com/2010/03/fabulous-house-of-versace-donatella.html (accessed: 2010, November 10)

Role of US Military Action in President Bushs War Essay -- September

Role of US Military Action in President Bush's War      Ã‚  Ã‚   An observant 12 year old told the New York Times Magazine not long ago that, "War is not like one attack; it's a big deal." On September 11, 2001, America was the target of an attack that left over five thousand people dead and many more wounded. President Bush has since declared a war on terrorism, but unlike conventional wars, this one has no discrete enemy and must be fought on a number of different "fronts." Fighting a war on terrorism cannot be fought in the traditional sense, by the very definition of terrorism. Various fronts are necessary in America's fight against terrorism, taking the form of economic, political, and military actions. Worldwide cooperation against terrorism has proven to be unreliable, and it will be shown here, that America's insistence on military action, in light of faltering international cooperation, makes the use of force the most important front in President Bush's war on terrorism.    (2) President George W. Bush has said that the "war" against global terrorism is a matter of "good and evil." Evil is presumably to be characterized by "those who conduct terrorist acts against the United States, those who sponsor them, those who harbor them, and those who challenge freedom wherever it may exist." Terrorism however, is not war. War is a confrontation on clear lines between identified parties, where there is sustained and concerted military action by military personnel who use the material, weaponry and military tactics of war. According to President Bush's executive order, number 13224, the term terrorism is defined as:    (3) An activity that involves a violent act or an act dangerous to human life, property, or infrastru... ...k Times Magazines." New York Times 23 Sept. 2001: 77. 2. US Embassy Website. http://www.usembassy.bg/asset.html 3. Yahoo News. http://us.news2.yimg.com/f/42/31/7m/dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20010912/wl/attack_usa_pakistan_dc_4.html 4. Israeli Government Site. http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0k4q0 5. Terrorism. Executive Order 13224 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Persons who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or support Terrorism 23. Sept. 2001: 2. 6. Terrorism Website. http://www.terrorism.com/terrorism/sloan.shtml 7. White House Website. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html 8. Lexis Nexis. "Zambia; Abdullah Justifies India's Support of US Action against Afghanistan." Africa News Service, Inc. October 25, 2001. 9. Yahoo News (2). http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/ap/20011029/wl/attacks_saudi_1.html

Othello and Oedipus Essay

Othello: the Moor of Venice and Oedipus are masterpiece tragedies that were written by great authors of yesteryear including William Shakespeare and Sophocles. These books are laden with varied themes which are still applicable today as they are still played in both community and professional theatres worldwide. Othello was a renowned general in the Venetian army whose military exploits were widely acclaimed whereas Oedipus was the new sovereign of the city of Thebes. While these two great men share a lot in common, the differences between them also abound. The most significant trait that both characters share is that they are heroes. The deeds they carry out are great and daring and they both possess tremendous strength. Case in point is when Othello vanquishes the enemies of Venice and Oedipus defeats the Sphinx and frees Thebes from the tyranny of the gods and the heavy taxation that they had endured for eternity. This has earned them a lot of admiration and respect from their communities. For example, Oedipus was considered a savior to his people who turned to him for solace and answers to their suffering. This is described in the following quote from the priest, â€Å"You are a man, not a god–I know. We all know this, the young kneeling here before you know it, too, but we know how great you are, Oedipus, greater than any man. When crisis struck, you saved us here in Thebes; you faced the mysterious, strange disasters hammered against us by the gods. This is our history-we paid our own flesh to the Sphinx until you set us free. You knew no more than anyone, but you knew. There was a god in it, a god in you. †( â€Å"Qtd in†Berg & Clay,1988,25) Othello is regarded highly by the Venetian senate which calls for his leadership when the state is faced by the threat of imminent aggression. This is illustrated when the Duke of Venice ordered Othello to prepare for immediate deployment against the Ottoman enemy. â€Å"The Turk with a most mighty preparation makes for Cyprus. Othello, the fortitude of the place is best known to you; and though we have there a substitute of most allowed sufficiency, yet opinion, a sovereign mistress of effects, throws a more safer voice on you: you must therefore be content to slubber the gloss of your new fortunes with this more stubborn and boisterous expedition. †(Othello , 1. 3. 56) Both Oedipus and Othello have the enviable character of making duty their main concern. They both derive honor from fully committing to the personal quests in their lives, regardless of the repercussions. Oedipus’ consuming quest for instance, is the tracking down and punishing of the murderers of his predecessor. In the process of chasing his quest, Oedipus wrongs his brother- in- law, Creon, branding him a traitor. He also succeeds in alienating his twin sons and all of Thebes. On the other hand, Othello’s’ overriding mission is the sacredness of his marriage vows and there is no end he will not go to protect their sanctity. Othello is depicted as naive. Throughout the play, Iago takes every opportunity to exploit Othello’s naivety. Iago tells Roderigo, â€Å"O, Sir, content you. I follow him to serve my turn upon him†. (Othello,1. 1. 38) This means that Iago will readily use Othello to achieve his ends and dump him when he achieves his desires. Othello on his part readily believes Iago each time even when Othello could have exercised better judgment. For instance, he heeds the deception of the wicked Iago and ignores Desdemona’s oaths and the small still voice in his heart and conscience. Othello’s’ naivety is in stark contrast with Oedipus who trusts his own wisdom in arriving at any decision. This fact is illustrated when he pays a visit to the Oracle who confirms the worst. He still believes so much in his own reason and determines that he was the one to blame for his fate and thus accepted the consequences of his actions. Oedipus is depicted as very adamant and rigid since he will not compromise once he has decided on a course of action regardless of the cost and what any other person may think. The two legends destroy their lives courtesy of their incurable natural flaws. Their Achilles heel comes in the form of their overwhelming pride and obsession which is driven by their overinflated egos and personalities. Oedipus on one side is so proud of his intelligence, which is considerable, that he tries to run from a dreadful fate. Othello on the other hand prides himself as the paragon of courage and integrity and thus fails to recognize his violent temper which proves fatal in the end. Throughout the play, Othello is portrayed as a man who is calm under pressure and therefore in control of every situation. This trait comes out clearly when Brabanito goes to his house with the intent to kill him. However, before anything grave happens Othello exclaims, â€Å"Hold your hands, both of you of my inclining and the rest. Were it my cue to fight I should have known it without a prompter†(Othello,1. 2. 80-3) Oedipus is very dramatic and emotional in crisis and cannot compare to Othello’s calm under pressure. When King Lauis dies he is quoted as saying, â€Å"I fight for Apollo, I fight for the dead man. You see me, you hear me, moving against the killer. My words are his doom. Whether he did it alone, and escaped unseen, whether others helped him kill, it makes no difference-let my hatred burn out his life, hatred, always. Make him an ember of suffering† (â€Å" qtd in†Arrowsmith&Golder,1988,34,) By any standards, Othello and Oedipus were truly great men. However, in spite of all the exceptional accomplishments and awesome qualities that they were gifted with, their very nature ended up consuming them in the end. Indeed, these two men give life to the old truism that pride comes before a fall. Works Cited Arrowsmith William and Golder H. The Greek tragedy in new translations. New York,NY, 1988 Berg, Stephen and Clay, Dickins. Sophocles’ Oedipus the King New York,NY, 1988 McCauley Janie. Shakespeare’s Othello An educational outreach of Bob Jones University, 2002. Shakespeare, William. Othello; The Moor of Venice Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library, http://etext. virginia. edu/etcbin/toccer-new2? id=MobOthe. sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=all